Aortic valve: stenosis and regurgitation

AS by velocity, gradient, continuity area, DVI and flow state; AR by integrated grading with 2025 intervention triggers.

• Echo study summary
• Aorta: dimensions and thresholds
• Left ventricle: size, mass, geometry and EF
• Atria: LA and RA volume and strain
• Diastolic function: ASE 2025 algorithm
• Right heart and pulmonary hypertension
• Aortic valve: stenosis and regurgitation
• Mitral valve: regurgitation and stenosis
• Tricuspid regurgitation: five-grade scheme
• Pulmonary valve: stenosis and regurgitation
• Prosthetic valves
• Haemodynamics and ICU echo
• Cardiac mechanics
• Structured echo report