Mitral valve: regurgitation and stenosis

MR by PISA and volumetric methods; MS by planimetry, PHT, gradient and the Wilkins score.

• Echo study summary
• Aorta: dimensions and thresholds
• Left ventricle: size, mass, geometry and EF
• Atria: LA and RA volume and strain
• Diastolic function: ASE 2025 algorithm
• Right heart and pulmonary hypertension
• Aortic valve: stenosis and regurgitation
• Mitral valve: regurgitation and stenosis
• Tricuspid regurgitation: five-grade scheme
• Pulmonary valve: stenosis and regurgitation
• Prosthetic valves
• Haemodynamics and ICU echo
• Cardiac mechanics
• Structured echo report